The Quakers pioneered this approach centuries ago: "There was no agenda, and the Meeting began in silence until a member felt moved by a current, deeply held “concern” to speak. Sometimes a three or four-hour meeting might conclude without anyone having spoken! For similar reasons Quaker Meetings never voted. For this would have short-circuited the process of finding the “sense of the Meeting” and placed too heavy an emphasis on verbal formulations and the activities of pressure groups and cliques."